Diagnosing Anaemia: an Overview

Abstract

The World Health Organisation (WHO) provides a definition for anaemia in both adults and children based on haemoglobin values determined in the laboratory. However, not all patients with haemoglobin values lower than these thresholds warrant investigation. The decision to investigate those with minor abnormalities must be based on clinical judgement, and from what is known about the
individual's previous blood counts. Anaemia is therefore said to be present when the blood haemoglobin (Hb) value is below the reference value for the age, sex and place of residence (altitude) of the individual. Anaemia is a public health problem in most
developing countries including Ghana and therefore important to thoroughly investigate these patients. This paper discusses the different types of anaemia and provides a simple overview of issues related to the investigation of different types of anaemia. It should
serve as a guide for the practicing doctor in Ghana and elsewhere.